O USO DE CANABIDIOL (CBD) NO TRATAMENTO DE EPILEPSIA PEDIÁTRICA: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/bocav25n77-004Palavras-chave:
Canabidiol, Epilepsia Pediátrica, Epilepsia Farmacorresistente, Tratamento, SegurançaResumo
A epilepsia pediátrica é uma condição neurológica crônica caracterizada por crises recorrentes, com impacto significativo no desenvolvimento e na qualidade de vida. Cerca de 30% dos pacientes não respondem adequadamente ao tratamento convencional, sendo classificados como portadores de epilepsia farmacorresistente, o que impulsiona a busca por novas abordagens terapêuticas. Nesse contexto, o canabidiol (CBD), um composto não psicoativo derivado da Cannabis sativa, tem emergido como alternativa promissora. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a eficácia e a segurança do CBD no tratamento da epilepsia pediátrica por meio de uma revisão integrativa da literatura. A busca foi realizada nas bases PubMed, ScienceDirect e LILACS, incluindo estudos publicados entre 2019 e 2026. Após aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade, 20 artigos foram selecionados para análise. Os resultados demonstram que o CBD promove redução significativa na frequência das crises epilépticas, especialmente em síndromes graves, como Lennox-Gastaut e Dravet. Em grande parte dos estudos, mais de 50% dos pacientes apresentaram redução igual ou superior a 50% das crises, com alguns casos de remissão completa. Além disso, reduções em torno de 30% já se mostraram clinicamente relevantes. Benefícios adicionais incluíram melhora do sono, da atividade eletroencefalográfica, do comportamento e da qualidade de vida. O perfil de segurança foi favorável, com eventos adversos leves a moderados, como sonolência e distúrbios gastrointestinais. Conclui-se que o CBD é uma alternativa eficaz e segura, embora mais estudos sejam necessários para avaliar seus efeitos a longo prazo.
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