ACTIVIDAD LARVICIDA CONTRA AEDES AEGYPTI Y EVALUACIÓN ANTIOXIDANTE, CITOTÓXICA Y MICROBIOLÓGICA DEL EXTRACTO ETANÓLICO CRUDO DE POGOSTEMON CABLIN BENTH
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/bocav25n74-016Palabras clave:
Biocida, Patchouli, Lamiaceae, Control de Vectores, OrizaResumen
El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar las actividades larvicida, antioxidante, microbiológica y de citotoxicidad del extracto etanólico crudo de las hojas de Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. La caracterización química se realizó mediante reacciones de coloración y pruebas específicas para la detección de clases de metabolitos secundarios. La actividad larvicida contra Aedes aegypti se llevó a cabo de acuerdo con el protocolo de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. La actividad antioxidante se evaluó mediante la capacidad secuestradora del radical 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazilo (DPPH). Para la evaluación microbiológica se utilizó la técnica de dilución en microplacas frente a tres bacterias, conforme al protocolo del Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. P. cablin presentó como clases de metabolitos secundarios: esteroides y triterpenoides, depsidos y depsidonas, los cuales, en sinergia con otras sustancias, potenciaron la acción larvicida de la especie, con una CL₅₀ de 63,91 μg·mL⁻¹ a las 24 h. No se observó actividad antioxidante en las concentraciones evaluadas; sin embargo, se evidenció inhibición del crecimiento bacteriano frente a E. coli, con una CIM de 31,25 μg·mL⁻¹. El extracto mostró una acción tóxica moderada, con una CL₅₀ de 257,93 μg·mL⁻¹. Por lo tanto, la especie P. cablin presentó un importante potencial larvicida, acción bacteriostática, ausencia de actividad antioxidante y toxicidad moderada.
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