EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE COVID-19 LETHALITY RATE IN THE STATE OF BAHIA (2020-2023)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15200540Keywords:
COVID-19, Epidemiology, Pandemic, Prevention, Public HealthAbstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is a major public health emergency. In addition to being a new disease, its rapid transmission, symptomatic variety, and variants have made it difficult to control the disease and contributed to high lethality and mortality rates worldwide. The objective of this study is to analyze the spatiotemporal incidence, lethality, and mortality of COVID-19 in the state of Bahia in northeastern Brazil from 2020 to 2023. An ecological study was carried out, with time series analyses of COVID-19 lethality rates in the state of Bahia during the first and second waves of the disease in the region, considering the period from March 2020 to July 2023. The daily percentage variation was calculated by Prais-Winsten, and served to analyze the increasing, decreasing, or stationary trend, considering a significance level of 95%. The prevalence of the lethality coefficient was in the economically active female population (30-39 years old), brown, the peak occurred in the period from April to July 2020 and 2021, with a stationary and decreasing trend and in the period from 2022 to 2023, the trend was stationary. With the implementation of control strategies: contingency plan, isolation, respiratory etiquette and, above all, vaccination, the disease showed a decrease, the lethality coefficient regressed with a stationary trend. The action of epidemiological surveillance and disease prevention and control strategies contributed to the regression of the lethality coefficient with a decreasing trend.
References
ABREU, L. C. et al. “A time-series ecological study protocol to analyze trends of incidence, mortality, lethality of COVID-19 in Brazil”. Journal of Human Growth and Development, vol. 31, n. 3, 2021.
BRASIL. “Covid-19: situação epidemiológica do Brasil até a SE 10 de 2023”. Gov.br [2023]. Disponível em: . Acesso em: 12/02/2025.
BRITO, S. A. et al. “Three years of COVID-19 pandemic: comparative analysis of incidence, lethality and mortality among the States of the south region of Brazil”. Journal of Human Growth and Development, vol. 33, n. 3, 2023.
CALABRÒ, G. E. et al. “The Impact of Vaccination on COVID-19 Burden of Disease in the Adult and Elderly Population: A Systematic Review of Italian Evidence”. Vaccines, vol. 11, n. 5, 2023.
CALLAWAY, E. “COVID’s future: mini-waves rather than seasonal surges”. Nature, vol. 617, 2023.
DABOIN, B. E. G. et al. “Deciphering Multifactorial Correlations of COVID-19 Incidence and Mortality in the Brazilian Amazon Basin. Int J Environ Res Public Health”. Revista de Saúde Coletiva, vol. 19, n. 3, 2022.
FREITAS, C. M. et al. Covid-19 no Brasil: cenários epidemiológicos e vigilância em saúde. Rio de Janeiro: FIOCRUZ, 2021.
LI, Q. et al. “Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus–infected pneumonia”. New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 382, n. 13, 2020.
LUCENA FILHO, R. B. et al. “Blockchain e sua influência na qualidade das informações contábeis: uma análise bibliométrica. Boletim de Conjuntura (BOCA), vol. 21, n. 61, 2025.
MAIA, P. C. G. G. S. et al. “Space-temporal analysis of the incidence, mortality and case fatality of COVID-19 in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, in the period from 2020 to 2022, in the Northeast of Brazil”. Journal of Human Growth and Development, vol. 24, n. 1, 2024.
MINISTÉRIO DA SAÚDE. Coronavírus Brasil. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde, 2020. Disponível em: . Acesso em: 23/02/2025.
MOOLLA, I.; HIILAMO, H. “Health system characteristics and COVID-19 performance in high-income countries”. BMC Health Services Research, vol. 23, n. 1, 2023.
MOURA, E. C. et al. “Covid-19: evolução temporal e imunização nas três ondas epidemiológicas, Brasil, 2020–2022”. Revista de Saúde Pública, vol. 56, 2022.
MURALIDAR, S. et al. “The emergence of COVID-19 as a global pandemic: Understanding the epidemiology, immune response and potential therapeutic targets of SARS-CoV-2”. Biochimie, vol. 179, 2020.
OPAS - Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde. “Histórico da pandemia de COVID-19”. OPAS [2020]. Available in: . Accessed on: 12/01/2025.
PIERCE-WILLIAMS, A. M. et al. “Clinical course of severe and critical coronavirus disease 2019 in hospitalized pregnancies: a United States cohort study”. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology MFM, vol. 2, n. 3,2020.
ROVETTA, A.; BHAGAVATHULA, A. S. “The Impact of COVID-19 on Mortality in Italy: Retrospective Analysis of Epidemiological Trends”. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, vol. 8, 2022.
SALVIOLI, G.; PAPANDRÉA, P. J. “Blockchain e Contabilidade: Aplicação de um Novo Modelo de Registro de Dados com sua Imutabilidade”. Revista e-Locução, vol. 1, n. 24, 2023.
SECRETARIA DE SAÚDE DO ESTADO DA BAHIA. Central Integrada de Comando e Controle da Saúde. Salvador: Secretaria de Saúde do Estado da Bahia, 2021. Disponível em: . Acesso em: 16/02/2025.
SHOOK, L. L. et al. “COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy and lactation: current research and gaps in understanding. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, vol. 11, 2021.
SIQUEIRA, T. S. et al. “Spatial clusters, social determinants of health and risk of maternal mortality by COVID-19 in Brazil: a national population-based ecological study”. The Lancet Regional Health - Americas, vol. 3, 2021.
SOEIRO, E. M. D. et al. “The challenges of the pandemic and the vaccination against covid-19 in pediatric patients with kidney disease”. Brazilian Journal of Nephrology, vol. 45, n. 2, 2023.
TAREQ, A. M. et al. “Impact of SARS-CoV-2 delta variant (B.1.617.2) in surging second wave of COVID-19 and efficacy of vaccines in tackling the ongoing pandemic”. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, vol. 17, n. 11, 2021.
TAYLOR, L. “We are being ignored”: Brazil’s researchers blame anti-science government for devastating COVID surge. Nature, vol. 593, n. 7857, 2021.
WANG, J. “Research on the construction of accounting information audit quality control system based on blockchain”. IEEE Security and Privacy, vol. 6, 2023.
WHO - World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Geneva: WHO, 2020. Available in: . Access in: 12/02/2025.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Everson Vagner de Lucena Santos , Geovane Mendes Farias, Wellinton Capera Sena, Iracema Filgueira Leite, Daniele Gomes Soares de Jesus
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c). Conjuncture Bulletin (BOCA)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
