ASSIMETRIAS NORMATIVAS NA REGULAÇÃO INTERNACIONAL: COMPARANDO OS REGIMES NUCLEAR E CIBERNÉTICO
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17344610Palavras-chave:
Cibersegurança, Ciclo de Vida das Normas, Governança Global , Normas Globais, Regulação Internacional, Segurança NuclearResumo
As assimetrias na regulação internacional de tecnologias sensíveis refletem desigualdades estruturais entre regimes normativos. Este artigo investiga quais fatores explicam os diferentes desfechos normativos das tecnologias nuclear e cibernética, problematizando porque uma alcançou elevada institucionalização e outra permanece fragmentada. O objetivo é comparar a trajetória normativa desses dois regimes estratégicos a partir do modelo do ciclo de vida das normas, proposto por Finnemore e Sikkink (1998), identificando os elementos que favorecem ou obstaculizam a consolidação de normas internacionais. A metodologia consiste em uma comparação estruturada, com base em codificação binária de variáveis específicas de cada estágio do ciclo normativo (surgimento, cascata e internalização), aplicadas a uma matriz analítica construída a partir da literatura especializada e de documentos institucionais relevantes. Os resultados indicam que o regime nuclear apresenta alta densidade normativa em todas as fases, com marcos institucionais consolidados e forte internalização, enquanto o regime cibernético sofre com lacunas institucionais, fragmentação epistemológica e ausência de instrumentos vinculantes. Conclui-se que as diferenças observadas decorrem da combinação entre legado institucional, consenso tecnocientífico e capacidade de enforcement, fatores que explicam as assimetrias normativas e oferecem subsídios analíticos para compreender a regulação de outros domínios tecnológicos emergentes.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Marcos Aurélio Guedes de Oliveira, Vinicius Santos Cruz
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