ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE IN BRAZILIAN HOSPITALS: CURRENT OVERVIEW, AGGRAVATING FACTORS, AND CONTAINMENT MEASURES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/bocav24n73-009Keywords:
Antimicrobial Resistance, Healthcare-Associated Infections, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Epidemiological SurveillanceAbstract
Antimicrobial resistance constitutes a complex health threat that compromises therapeutic efficacy and the sustainability of healthcare systems. This study analyzes the current panorama of antimicrobial resistance in Brazilian hospitals, identifying aggravating factors and evaluating containment measures. The research is characterized as exploratory with a qualitative approach, based on bibliographic analysis of scientific sources indexed in databases such as PubMed, SciELO, and LILACS, published between 2019 and 2024. Results show that carbapenemase-producing gram-negative bacteria constitute the main agents of healthcare-associated infections. The COVID-19 pandemic intensified the use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials, increasing risks of secondary infections by multidrug-resistant microorganisms. Smaller hospitals face structural limitations that hinder the implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programs. Structured programs demonstrate effectiveness in reducing inappropriate consumption and improving clinical outcomes. It is concluded that resistance containment requires integrated multidisciplinary approaches, investments in epidemiological surveillance, and promotion of an institutional culture of rational antimicrobial use.
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